Project Synopsis

Title: Electric Waste Sorting Machine

1. Introduction

With rapid urbanization, waste management has become a major environmental challenge. Manual segregation of waste is inefficient, labor-intensive, and exposes workers to health risks. Improper waste sorting leads to land pollution, reduced recycling efficiency, and harmful effects on the ecosystem.

An Electric Waste Sorting Machine automates the process of separating biodegradable, recyclable, and non-recyclable waste using sensors, motors, and control circuits. This system improves efficiency, reduces human effort, and supports sustainable recycling practices.

2. Problem Statement

Manual waste segregation is time-consuming, unsafe, and inefficient.
Mixing of recyclable and non-recyclable waste reduces recycling efficiency.
Lack of affordable automated waste sorting solutions for small-scale municipalities and households.

3. Objectives

To design and develop an automatic waste sorting machine.
To separate metallic, biodegradable, and non-biodegradable waste efficiently.
To reduce human involvement in unsafe waste handling.
To support recycling, composting, and eco-friendly waste management.

4. Methodology

System Design –
- Waste input conveyor belt/tray.
- Sensors for waste detection:
  - Metal Sensor → detects metallic waste.
  - Moisture Sensor → detects biodegradable waste.
  - Infrared/Proximity Sensor → detects non-biodegradable items.
- Microcontroller-based control unit.
- DC motors and actuators for waste separation.
Fabrication – Integration of sensors, sorting bins, and conveyor system.
Testing & Calibration – Test with different types of waste (plastic, paper, food, metals).
Evaluation – Measure accuracy, sorting speed, and efficiency.

5. Block Diagram

Waste Input → Sensors (Metal, Moisture, IR) → Microcontroller → Motor/Actuator → Sorted Waste into Separate Bins

6. Expected Outcomes

A working prototype of an electric waste sorting machine.
Efficient separation of biodegradable, recyclable (metal/plastic), and non-recyclable waste.
Improved recycling process and reduced landfill waste.
Safer and more hygienic waste management system.

7. Applications

Household waste segregation.
Municipal solid waste management.
Schools, colleges, offices, and industries.
Recycling plants and eco-friendly housing societies.

8. Tools & Components Required

Microcontroller (Arduino / Raspberry Pi)
Metal Detector Sensor
Moisture Sensor
IR / Ultrasonic Sensor
Conveyor Belt & DC Motors
Motor Driver & Relay Module
Sorting Bins & Frame
Power Supply (Battery/AC Adapter)

9. Cost Estimation (Approx.)

Microcontroller & Sensors: ₹4,000
Conveyor Belt & Motor Assembly: ₹6,000
Sorting Mechanism & Bins: ₹3,000
Electronics & Power Supply: ₹3,000
Miscellaneous: ₹2,000
Total Estimated Cost: ₹18,000 – ₹20,000

10. Conclusion

The Electric Waste Sorting Machine offers an innovative and eco-friendly approach to solid waste management. By automating the segregation process, it ensures higher recycling efficiency, reduced human risk, and better utilization of biodegradable waste for composting. This system can be scaled for household, community, and municipal-level applications, contributing significantly to clean and smart cities.

Saturday, 30 August 2025

Electric Waste Sorting Machine